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PHILOSOPHY
| University of Mumbai |

PAPER I | Metaphysics (Indian & Western)

INDIAN

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  • Theory of Causation: Satkāryavāda and Ārambhavāda/ Asatkāryavāda; Vivartavādaand Pratitya-samutpāda

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  • Theories of Soul: Soul as substance (Jainism, Nyāya Vedānta), Soul as Reality (Sāmkhya- Yoga); Anātamavāda (Buddhism) and Dehātmavāda(Cārvāka)

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  • Status of World: Vyāvahārika and Pāramārthika (Vedānta); Samvrtti and Pāramārthika (Buddhism)

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WESTERN

  •  The Nature of Speculative Metaphysics: Being and Becoming; Existence and Essence; Universals and Particulars (Aristotle; Ockham)

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  • Reconstruction of Metaphysics: Critique of Speculative Metaphysics; Metaphysics as Ontology; Identity and Difference (Heidegger)

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  • Realism and the problem of Causality, Space and Time: Humean, Kantian, Bergsonian interventions

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  • Varieties of Idealism: Subjective Idealism (Berkeley), Transcendental Idealism (Kant) and Objective Idealism (Hegel)

I

Frederick Charles Copleston's
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
vol. 1: Greece & Rome

Part I. Pre-Socratic Philosophy​

  1. Introductions

  2. Ionia

  3. Early Ionian Philosophers

  4. The Pythagorean Society

  5. The Word of Heraclitus

  6.  The One of Parmenides and Melissus

  7. The Dialectic of Zeno

  8. Empedocles of Akragas

  9. The Advance of Anaxagorus

  10. The Atomists

  11. Pre-Socratic Philosophy​

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Part II. The Socratic Period

  1. The Sophists

  2. Protagoras; Prodicus; Hippias; Gorgias

  3. Socrates

  4. Minor Socratic Schools

  5. Democritus of Abdera

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Part III. Plato

  1. ​Life of Plato 

  2. Plato's Works

  3. Theory of Knowledge

  4. The Doctrine of Forms

  5. The Psychology of Plato

  6. Moral Theory

  7. The State

  8. Physics of Plato

  9. Art

  10. The Old Academy

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Readings

Cooper, John, editor. Plato: Complete Works. Hackett Publishing Company, 1997.

  1. Apology

  2. Crito

  3. Phaedo

  4. Protagoras

  5. Gorgias

  6. Republic

  7. Theaetatus

  8. Timaeus

  9. Stateman

  10. Symposium

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Part IV.  Aristotle

  1. ​​Life & Writings

  2. Logic

  3. The Metaphysics of Aristotle

  4. Philosophy of Nature & Psychology

  5. Aristotle's Ethics

  6. Politics

  7. Aesthetics 

  8. Plato & Aristotle

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Readings

McKeon, Richard, editor. The Basic Works of Aristotle. Random House Publishing Group, 2001.

  1. Organon

  2. Physica

  3. De Caelo (On the Heavens)

  4. De Generatione et Corruptione

  5. De Anima

  6. Historia Animalium

  7. Metaphysica

  8. Ethica Nicomachea

  9. Politica

  10. Rhetorica

  11. De Poetica

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Part V. Post-Aristotelian Philosophy

  1. ​Introductory

  2. The Early Stoa

  3. Epicureanism

  4. The Older Sceptics, The Middle & New Academies

  5. The Middle Stoa

  6. The Later Stoa

  7. Cynics, Eclectics, Sceptics

  8. Neo-Pythagoreanism

  9. Middle Platonism

  10. Jewish-Hellenistic Philosophy

  11. Plotinian Neo-Platonism

  12. Other Neo-Platonic Schools

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Readings

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus. Letters from a Stoic.: Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Edited by Robin Campbell, translated by Robin Campbell, Penguin Publishing Group, 1969.

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Marcus Aurelius. Meditations. Edited by Martin Hammond, translated by Martin Hammond, Penguin Publishing Group, 2006.

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Epictetus. Discourses and selected writings. Edited & Translated by Robert Dobbin, Penguin Publishing Group, 2008.

PAPER II | Epistemology (Indian & Western)

INDIAN

  • Jñāna and Pramā: Definition and kinds of Pramāna,Prāmānyavāda

  • Perception

  • Khyātivāda

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  • Inference: Definition, Classification and Components

  • Vyāpti and Fallacie

  • Śabda: Meaning (Word and Sentence); Anvitābhidānavāda and Abhihitānvayavāda

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WESTERN

  • The problem of perception

  • Memory: As a Source of Knowledge (Locke and Ayer); Types of Memory

  • Knowledge and Belief: The Tripartite Account of Knowledge as Justified True Belief; Gettier’s Paradox

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  •  Nature and significance of Logic, Basic Concepts involved in logic: Terms, Proposition and Reasoning/Argument

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  • Basic concepts involved in first order and second order sentential logic: Propositional Constant, Propositional Variables and Propositional Connectives, Predicate Constant, Individual Variable and Predicate Variable, Proposition and Propositional function

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  • Basic Concepts involved in Set theory: Definition of Set, Null Set, Primitive symbols of set theory, Relations of Set

  • II

PAPER III | Contemporary Philosophy A (Indian & Western)

​INDIAN: RETHINKING TRADTION

  • Swami Vivekananda: Universal Religion, Practical Vedānta and Explanation of Māyā

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  • Sri Aurobindo: Ascent and descent of Reality, Seven Cords of reality, Gnostic Being

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​RECONSTRUCTING METAPHYSICS

  • R. D. Ranade: Mysticism as a Method, Pathway to God-realization, Advaita Vedānta Culmination of Spiritual Experience

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  • Rabindranath Tagore: Relation of the Individual to the Universe, Soul- consciousness, Problem of evil and Self, Realization of the Infinite through Love, Action and Beauty.

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WESTERN: IDEAL LANGUAGE, LOGICISM & THE LINGUISTIC TURN

  • Frege: Sense and Reference, Thought; Wittgenstein (Early): Logic and language; Picture theory of meaning.

  • Russell's Ideal Language Philosophy: Analysis of Facts; Theory of Descriptions

  • Strawson: On Reffering

  • Wittgenstein (Early): Logic & Language; Picture Theory of Meaning

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WESTERN: LOGICAL EMPERICISM AND THE METAPHYSICAL QUESTION

  • Carnap: Unity of Science Project; Primitive Protocol Statement; Internal & External Questions

  • Schlick: Meaning & Verification; Basic Observation Statements

  • Dummet: Justificatory Semantics

  • Pragmatism (Classical & Contemporary): Pierce; James; Dewey; & Rorty

III

PAPER IV | Contemporary Philosophy B (Indian & Western)

​INDIAN: REPUDIATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF TRADITION

  • Mahatma Jyotiba Phule: Critique of Tradition; Philosophy of Universal Humanism; Social Reforms

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  • Pandita Ramabai: Account of the Higher Caste Brahmin Woman; Social Reforms from a Gender-Perspective, The Issue of Conversion

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​​INDIAN: REPUDIATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF TRADITION

  • Gopal Ganesh Agarkar: Critique of Hinduism; Reformist Position as Expressed in Sudhāraka; Agnosticism

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  • Lokmanya Tilak: Gītārahasya as a Commentary on Bhagvadgītā; Analysis of Karmayoga;  Ethics founded on Metaphysics

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WESTERN: PHENOMENOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENCE

  • Brentano: Critique of Psychologism; Intentionality; Primary and Secondary Objects

  • Husserl: Rigorous Science; Intentionality; Method (reduction); Life-world

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WESTERN: PHENOMENOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENCE

  • Heidegger: Ontological Difference between Being and Beings; Significance of Dasein

  • Fundamental Ontology of Dasein (Inauthenticity and Authenticity); Time

  • Merleau-Ponty: Living Body; New Account of Perception; Art

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IV

PAPER V | Ethics (Indian & Western)

INDIAN

  • Nature of Indian Ethics (Niti) - Ethics and Metaphysics, Ethics and Mysticism, Truth as moral standard and Spiritual end

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  • B. Concept of Dharma and various approaches to Dharma in Indian tradition, Mimamsa definition of Dharma in terms of Chodana and nature of Vidhivakya

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  • Theory of Karma and Problem of Freedom, Analysis of Karma, Akarma, Vikarma and Nishkama Karma

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  • The Concept of Purusharthas, Nature and Kinds of Purusharthas, Three approaches to Purusharthas- Materialistic, Intuitionistic and Metaphysical.

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WESTERN

  •  Cognitivism: Intuitionism (Moore) Neo-naturalism (Searle)

  • Non-Cognitivism: Emotivism(Ayer/Stevenson);Prescriptivism(Hare)

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  • Existential Ethics: de Beauvoir/Sartre: Ethics of Situation, Freedom and Ambiguity

  • Feminist Ethics: Ethics of care (Gilligan); Ethics of justice(Okin)

V

PAPER VI | Philosophy of Consciousness (Indian & Western)

INDIAN

  • Upanishadic and Vedantic views of consciousness; Psychological analysis of waking, dream, deep sleep and turiyastates

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  • Sāmkhya-Yoga view: Purusa as drsta, citta, citta vritti, citta bhumi, nirvikalapa Samadhi

  • Nyāya-Vaisesika: Status ofConsciousness

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  • Jainism: Status of Jiva and Lesya

  • Materialist (Charvaka) view of consciousness

  • Buddhist view of consciousness and the denial of Soul

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WESTERN

  • The Problem of Consciousness: Aristotelian and the Cartesian paradigms; Spinozean interventions

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  • The Mind-Body problem and the linguistic solution: Ryle and Later-Wittgenstein

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  •  The Mind-Body problem restated: The ‘hard’ problem of consciousness and the notion of an ‘explanatory gap’; Theories of Consciousness: Identity theories (reductive and non- reductive), Eliminativism

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  • Computational model of mind, Artificial Intelligence and Functionalism, Naturalist and Transcendental theories of Consciousness

VI

Frederick Charles Copleston's
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
vol. 2: Medieval Times

  1. Introduction​

 

Part I. Pre-Medieval Influences​

  1. The Patristic Period

  2. St. Augustine

    1. Life & Writings

    2. Knowledge

    3. God

    4. The World

    5. Moral Theory

    6. The State

  3. The Pseudo-Dionysius

  4. Boethius, Cassiodorus, Isidore​

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Part II. The Carolingian Renaissance

  1. The Carolingian Renaissance

  2. John Scotus Eriugena

    1. Life & Works​

    2. Nature; God and Creation

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Part III. The 10th, 11th & 12th Centuries

  1. The Problem of Universals​

  2. St. Anselm of Canterbury

  3. The School of Chartres

  4. The School of St. Victor

  5. Dualists & Pantheists

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Part IV.  Islamic & Jewish Philosophy: Translations

  1. Islamic Philosophy​​

  2. Jewish Philosophy

  3. The Translations

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Part V. The 13th Century

  1. ​Introduction

  2. William of Auvergne

  3. Robert Grosseteste & Alexander of Hales

  4. St. Bonaventure

    1. Life & Works​

    2. God's Existence

    3. Relation of Creatures to God

    4. The Material Creation

    5. The Human Soul

  5. St. Albert the Great

  6. St. Thomas Aquinas

    1. Introduction​

    2. Philosophy & Theology

    3. Principles of Created Being

    4. Proofs of God's Existence

    5. God's Nature

    6. Creation

    7. Psychology

    8. Knowledge

    9. Moral Theory

    10. Political Theory

  7. Controversies between St. Thomas & Aristotle

  8. Latin Averroism: Siger of Brabant

  9. Franciscan Thinkers

  10. Giles of Rome & Henry of Ghent

  11. Scotus

    1. Life, Works & Spirits of Scotus's Philosophy​

    2. Knowledge

    3. Metaphysics

    4. Natural Theology

    5. The Soul

    6. Ethics

  12. Concluding Review

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Readings

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus. Letters from a Stoic.: Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Edited by Robin Campbell, translated by Robin Campbell, Penguin Publishing Group, 1969.

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The Bible & The Quran

PAPER VII | Contemporary Philosophy (Indian & Western)

​INDIAN: GANDHIAN APPROACH

  • . Mahatma Gandhi (Spiritual Foundations of Politics): Reality with Multiple Aspects, Truth as God, Interdependence between multiple selves and other forms of life; Swaraj and Ahimsa

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  • Mahatma Gandhi (Socio-Political Ideas): Foundations of Good Society- Trusteeship, Sarvodaya, Swadeshi, Means-ends relationship, Satyagraha, Communal Harmony

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​CRITIQUE OF TRADITION

  • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar: Critique of Hinduism (Varna and Caste-system), Gandhi-Ambedkar debate about caste, critique of Early Buddhism, and Reconstruction of Buddhism

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  • M. N. Roy: Relation to Marxism, Freedom, Radical Humanism

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ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY AND SPEECH ACT THEORY

  • Ordinary Language Philosophy: Moore’s defense of common sense and proof of the external world; Later-Wittgenstein on meaning and the notion of language games; Wittgenstein on certainty.

  • Speech Act Theory: Austin’s theory of speech acts, Grice’s psychological theory of meaning, Searle’s theory of indirect Speech Acts

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PROBLEMS OF MEANING AND TRUTH

  •  Quine: Naturalized epistemology, indeterminacy of translation, Inscrutability of Reference

  • Davidson: Truth and meaning, Radical Interpretation

VII

PAPER VIII | Contemporary Philosophy D

INDIAN: SYNTHESIS OF TRADITION

  • Mohammad Iqbal: Reconstruction of Islamic Religious Thought, Self-World-God, Man and Superman

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  • Dr. S. Radhakrishnan: Idealist View of Life, Intellect and Intuition, Rebirth

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RECONSTRUCTION OF TRADITION

  • J. Krishnamurti: Conditioned Self, Freedom from the Known, Awareness

  • K.C. Bhattacharya: Concept of Philosophy, Subject as Freedom, Concept of Value

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 WESTERN: HERMENEUTICS AS METHOD AND PHILOSOPHY

  • Methodological Hermeneutics: Schleiermacher (Authorial Intention), Dilthey (Historical Reconstruction)

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  • Critique of method (Gadamer): Understanding (Verstehen), Prejudice (Vorurteil) and Tradition; Fusion of Horizons

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CRITICAL HERMENEUTICS AND BEYOND

  • Critical Hermeneutics (Habermas): Distance in Interpretation and Understanding; Ideology Critique; Knowledge and Human Interests

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  • Between Tradition and its Critique (Ricoeur): Mediation of Cultural Symbols; Conflict of Interpretations; Critical Hermeneutics

VIII

COURSES

Saylor.org

PHIL 304 | Existentialism​

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Unit 1. Blaise Pascal

  1. Existentialism: An Overview

  2. Pascal's Life

  3. The Pensées: A Portrait of Man

  4. Pascal's Wager​

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Unit 2. Søren Kierkegaard

  1. On Kierkegaard and the Pseudonyms

  2. "Fear and Trembling"

  3. "Sickness unto Death"

  4. Concept of Subjectivity and Becoming

  5. "The Crowd Is Untruth"

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Unit 3. Fyodor Dostoevsky

  1. The Problem of Freedom​

  2. "Notes from the Underground"

  3. Dostoevsky on Morality- "The Brothers Karamazov"

  4. Dostoevsky on Reason- "Crime and Punishment

  5. "Grand Inquisitor"

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Unit 4. Friedrich Nietzsche

  1. Critique of Metaphysics​​

  2. Idea of Perspectivism

  3. Critique of Dogma: Critique of Socrates; Death of God; Liberal Nihilism​​

  4. Idea of Morality: Social Construction of Morality & Values; On Power; Resentment as the Ground for Morality

  5. Idea of Eternal Recurrence

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Unit 5. Martin Heidegger

  1. Heidegger, Catholicism, and Phenomenology​

  2. "Being and Time"

  3. Dasein' and the Ontological Question

  4. The Worldhood of the World

  5. Critique of Descartes

  6. Understanding

  7. Care

  8. Truth

  9. Philosophy of Existence

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Unit 6.  Jean-Paul Sartre

  1. Sartre's Development: On Consciousness and the Self​

  2. "Being and Nothingness

  3. "Existentialism Is a Humanism"

  4. Themes of Sartre's Existentialism

  5. "The Wall"

  6. Idea that Existence Precedes Essence: God Does Not Exist; There is no Human Nature

  7. The Burden of Freedom

  8. Critique of Mass Society: 'Hell is Other People'

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Unit 7.  Simone de Beauvoir

  1. de Beauvoir's Life with Sartre

  2. The Importance of the Social Sphere

  3. The Ethics of Ambiguity

  4. de Beauvoir's Feminist Existentialism

  5. "The Second Sex"

  6. The "Feminine" Is a Social Construction

  7. de Beauvoir's Applied Existentialism

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Unit 8. Albert Camus

  1. "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature Acceptance Speech"

  2. "The Myth of Sisyphus"

  3. "The Stranger"

  4. A Philosophy of the Absurd

  5. Literature

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Saylor.org

PHIL 103: Moral & Political Philosophy

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Coursera

University of Pennsylvania

Ancient Philosophy: Aristotle and His Successors

PAPER IX.1 | ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY

  •  The Milesians - Thales: Water as arche; Anaximander: The Unlimited as arche; Anaximenes: ‘aer’ as arche. Were the Milesians philosophers?

  • The Pythagoreans: Human being’s place in Nature; Number and things; 

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  • Becoming: Change, change and stability(Heraclitus)

  • Being: Cosmic Substance as Being(Parmenides) C. Zeno: Zeno’s puzzles – Is Zeno asceptic?

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  • Pluralists: Empedocles and Anaxagoras

  • Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus

 

  • Sophists: Philosophy of “Man” ~ Relativism of Protagoras; Nihilism of Gorgias; Ethics: Justice, Nature and Convention

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  • Socrates: Socratic philosophy in relation to sophism; Socratic Method – Ignoratio Elenchus; Socratean Ethics.

IX

PAPER IX.2 | Greek, Roman & Hellenistic Philosophy

  • Plato: Dialectic; Virtues with special reference to love; justice

  • Aristotle: Four causes; Virtues with reference to Friendship; Eudemonism​

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  • Epicureanism: Physics, Cosmology, Ethics: The Happy Life in Accordance with Nature​

  • Stoicism: Cynics ~ Diogenes;

  • The Greco-Hellenistic Stoics (Zenon, Cleanthes and Chrysopsis)~ Duty and character formation; Natural Law.​

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  • The Roman Stoics I (Markus Aurelius, Epictetus): Ethics-Nature, The Sage and Humanity; Virtue and Vice;

  • The Roman Stoics II (Seneca, Cicero): Natural Law, State and Cosmopolitanism​

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  • Skepticism: Academic Skepticism, Pyrrhonian Skepticism, Sextus Empiricus

  • Neo-Platonism: Plotinus The One; Intellect, Being, Life; the Soul; Organization of the Universe

IX

PAPER IX. 3 | Early Medieval Philosophy

  • St. Augustine (354): Theory of knowledge, Existence of God, Problem of Evil, Freedom of Will.

  • Boethius (475): The Consolation of Philosophy. Problem of Universal;

  • Avicenna (980): Aristotle’s metaphysics and salvation. Union of science, philosophy and theology;

  • St. Anselm (1033): Arguments for the Existence of God. Peter Abelard (1079): Relation between Reason and Faith

X

PAPER X.1 | Plato: Moral Philosophy, Politics & Art

  • Virtue is knowledge (Protagoras 319-20, 324, 328; Meno 87-89);

  • Critique of Hedonism and Problem with the virtue of temperance (Protagoras and Gorgias); 

  • Callicles & Thracymachus on Justice and Socrates’ Concept of Justice (Gorgias; Republic)

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  • Civil Disobedience (Apology and Crito); The State(Republic); Ideal and Defective Constitutions(Republic); Rule of law (Statesman and The Laws);

  •  Aesthetics and Art Education (Republic, Phaedrus); Love (Eros) and Beauty(Symposium);

  • Rhetoric and Poetry (Republic and Phaedrus)

XI

PAPER X.2 | Aristotle: Practical Philosophy

  • Distinction between theoria, praxis, techne and poiesis;

  • Virtues-intellectual and moral; the doctrine of the mean; akrasia;

  • Eudaimonism and justice; The Virtue of Friendship

  • Views on Women and Slavery (with special reference to his hierarchical biology)

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  • Politics: politikê as a practical normative science; analogy between politics and craft (techne); Criticism of Plato’s social theory.

  • Forms of government (kingship vs tyranny, aristocracy vs oligarchy, polity v/s. democracy); rule of law; the city state as constituted by oikos, demos and citizens

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  • Aesthetics~ Catharsis; Imitation; Rhetoric

XII

PAPER X.4 | Hume

  • Humean Empiricism; Skepticism

  • The problem of Causation; The problem of Induction

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  • Psychology; Foundations of Morality

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  • Hume’s views on Aesthetics

  • Hume on Natural Religion

XIII

PAPER XI.2 | Kant: Practical Philosophy

  • KANT’S TRANSCENDENTAL/CRITICAL PROJECT

  • Beyond Rationalism and Empiricism; Phenomena and the Noumenon; Copernican revolution

  • Analytic and Synthetic Judgements; the Synthetic a priori judgments in Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Metaphysics

  • What is transcendental philosophy?

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  • SENSIBILITY AND THE CATEGORIES OFUNDERSTANDIN

  • Space and time as a priori Intuitions

  • The metaphysical and transcendental deduction of categories

  • The twelve categories of understanding and forms of judgement

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  • PROOFS FOR THE CATEGORIES, SCHEMATISM AND THE SELF

  • The axioms of intuition, analogies of experience and postulates of empirical thought;

  • Schematism between perception and categories;

  • Transcendental Unity of Apperception

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  • THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC

  • Speculative metaphysics and the natural dialectic of pure reason;

  • Paralogisms: Critique of Rational Psychology

  • Critique of Rational Cosmology: Antinomies

  • Critique of Rational Theology: Critique of the Arguments for the existence of God

XIV

PAPER XI.3 | Heidegger

  • KANT’S TRANSCENDENTAL/CRITICAL PROJECT

  • Beyond Rationalism and Empiricism; Phenomena and the Noumenon; Copernican revolution

  • Analytic and Synthetic Judgements; the Synthetic a priori judgments in Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Metaphysics

  • What is transcendental philosophy?

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  • SENSIBILITY AND THE CATEGORIES OFUNDERSTANDIN

  • Space and time as a priori Intuitions

  • The metaphysical and transcendental deduction of categories

  • The twelve categories of understanding and forms of judgement

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  • PROOFS FOR THE CATEGORIES, SCHEMATISM AND THE SELF

  • The axioms of intuition, analogies of experience and postulates of empirical thought;

  • Schematism between perception and categories;

  • Transcendental Unity of Apperception

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  • THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC

  • Speculative metaphysics and the natural dialectic of pure reason;

  • Paralogisms: Critique of Rational Psychology

  • Critique of Rational Cosmology: Antinomies

  • Critique of Rational Theology: Critique of the Arguments for the existence of God

XV

PAPER X.6 | Wittgenstein

  • ​The Logical form of language; Fregean and Russellian influences; On logical necessity and the truth-functional nature of language

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  • The world as a totality of facts and proposition as a logical picture of reality;

  • Limits of language and limits of the world.

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  • Philosophy and language; Grammar, Language as rule following and the notion of a language- game; Meaning as Use

  • Critique of the private language argument and problem of other-minds

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  •  Wittgenstein’s views on Ethics and Aesthetics, Religion and Psychology;

  • Philosophy as therapy and the descriptive role of philosophy​

XVI

PAPER XI.7 |  Gandhi

GANDHI’S NOTION OF SWARAJ

  • Critique of civilization; Critique of culture

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GANDHI’S MORAL PHILOSOPHY

  • The Eleven Vows

  • Seven Sins

  • Sarvodaya

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GANDHI’S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

  • Vision of Non - violent society

  • Gandhi on Nationalism

  • Gandhi’s concept of Democracy

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RELEVANCE OF GANDHI IN CONTEMPORARY TIMES

  • Gandhi and Dignity of Human Being

  • Gandhi and Human Rights

  • Gandhi and World Peace

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  • NOTE: This topic should be discussed with reference to constitutional rights in the Indian context, national and international movements like Chipko-Andolan, Bhoodan and Gramdan movements, The JP movement, role of SEWA, Narmada Bachao-Andolan , The African American Struggle in the USA(Martin Luther King Jr) Gandhi's disciple in the West: Shantidas (Lanza del Vasto) , "Servants of Peace", Apartheid in South Africa and reaction/revolt (Nelson Mandela), The Third Way: Thich Nhat Hanh and Cao Ngoc Phuong, Petra Kelly and the German Greens.

XVII

PAPER XII.9 | Modern Political Thought

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORIES

  • Self-Preservation (Hobbes): Scientific method in Politics; human nature; Commonwealth

  • Right to Life, Liberty, Property (Locke): State of nature, Labor theory of value and social contract.

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IDEALIST THEORY OF STATE (WITH REFERENCE TO HEGEL AND BOSANQUET)

  • Family, Civil Society and State

  • The State as Moral

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CRITICS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT

  • Rousseau: Origin of inequality; reason v/s. feeling; individual and community;

  • Burke: Tradition vs reason; community and history; formal conservatism

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SOCIALIST THEORY OF STATE

  • Critique of Natural Rights and liberal freedom

  • Materialist Reinterpretation of History: Class Struggle, Socialism, Communism Internationalism

XVIII

PAPER XII.9 | Modern Political Thought

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORIES

  • Self-Preservation (Hobbes): Scientific method in Politics; human nature; Commonwealth

  • Right to Life, Liberty, Property (Locke): State of nature, Labor theory of value and social contract.

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IDEALIST THEORY OF STATE (WITH REFERENCE TO HEGEL AND BOSANQUET)

  • Family, Civil Society and State

  • The State as Moral

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CRITICS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT

  • Rousseau: Origin of inequality; reason v/s. feeling; individual and community;

  • Burke: Tradition vs reason; community and history; formal conservatism

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SOCIALIST THEORY OF STATE

  • Critique of Natural Rights and liberal freedom

  • Materialist Reinterpretation of History: Class Struggle, Socialism, Communism Internationalism

XIX

PAPER XII.10 | Contemporary Political Thought

THEORIES OFJUSTICE

  • Entitlement Approach: Nozick

  • Fairness Approach: Rawls

  • Capabilities Approach: Sen/Nussbaum

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JUSTICE AND SOCIAL RECOGNITION (AMBEDKAR)

  • Analysis of Caste System and the Need to Abolishment

  • Social Revolution as a precondition for Political Revolution

  • Fair Representation in Institutions to the Oppressed Castes

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MULTICULTURALISM (PAREKH/ TAYLOR/ KYMLICKA)

  • Critique of Liberalism

  • Differentiated citizenship or Location and Identity and cultural politics

  • Gendered critique of multiculturalism (Susan Okin and Nira Yuval Davis)

 

NEO-MARXISM (MARCUSE)

  • Critique of Advanced Industrial Societies

  • Basic and Surplus Repression: Beyond Marx’s economism to Freud

  • Art and Women with Revolutionary Potential

XX

PAPER XIII.5 | Existentialism

EMERGENCE OF EXISTENTIALISM

  • Critique of reason and the absurd

  • Resurgence of Art

  • The Individual v/s. the system (Nietzsche, Dostoevsky and Camus)

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EXISTENTIALISM AND RELIGION

  • Kierkegaard: Existential dialectic

  • Buber: I/Thou, Love and Divine Experience

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EXISTENTIALIST ONTOLOGY (SARTRE)

  • Trans-Phenomenality of being

  • Being-for-itself and Being-in-itself

  • Bad faith, Being-for-others.

 

PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENZ (JASPERS)

  • The encompassing and the modes of approaching it (Dasein, consciousness-assuch, Geist, Existenz-world, transcendence -reason)

  • Symbols and ciphers

  • Communication

XXI

PAPER XII.10 | Philosophy & Film

ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT WITH FILM IN A PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT

  • Film Histories: Hollywood (Pre-WWI), European (Post-WWII), Indian (Colonial, Post-Colonial, Commercial & Popular

  • Film as text: Journalist & Academic/ Philosophical Approches 

  • Film & Knowledge: Cognitive Approach & its Critics

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DEBATING THE ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF FILM​

  • The Silent Film (Rudolf Arnheim) & Realism (Andre Bazin; Stanley Cowell)

  • Film & Dream (Suzanne Langer)

  • Film as Language (Gregory Currie)

​

CINEMA'S CONCEPT'S/ IMAGES

  • Movement Images (Classic Cinema) and the Time Images (Modern Cinema)- Deleuze

  • Moving Images: Arthur Danto & Noel Carroll

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AUTHORS & SPECTATORS

  • Auteur theory, collaborative authorship and debates

  • Reception: Emotive, Social-Critical and Epistemological

XIX

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